방법 비교

	실용주의 혼합 방법 설계	다단계 혼합 방법 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Early 2000s (formalised); pragmatism as philosophy late 19th–early 20th century	2007 (first edition of Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research)
창시자	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (formalised); philosophical grounding in William James, John Dewey, Richard Rorty	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483substitute
별칭	pragmatic MMR, pragmatism-guided mixed methods, pragmatic inquiry design, practical mixed methods	multiphase design, multiproject mixed methods, programmatic mixed methods, multistage mixed methods
관련	6	6
요약	Pragmatic mixed methods design is a research approach that selects and combines quantitative and qualitative methods based on what best answers the research question, rather than adhering to a single philosophical paradigm. Rooted in the philosophical tradition of pragmatism — associated with William James, John Dewey, and later Richard Rorty — it treats methodological fit and practical utility as the primary criteria for design decisions. The approach is endorsed by leading mixed methods scholars including Creswell and Plano Clark as the most common philosophical worldview underpinning mixed methods work.	The multiphase mixed methods design is a sustained research program in which quantitative and qualitative strands are combined across three or more sequential phases — or across multiple related projects — to address a central program objective. Each phase builds on the prior phase's findings, making the design well-suited to long-term evaluation, intervention development, and large-scale program assessment where a single data-collection cycle cannot fully address the complexity of the research problem.