방법 비교

	실용주의 혼합 방법 설계	동시 내재 혼합 연구 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Early 2000s (formalised); pragmatism as philosophy late 19th–early 20th century	2003–2007
창시자	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (formalised); philosophical grounding in William James, John Dewey, Richard Rorty	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975179
별칭	pragmatic MMR, pragmatism-guided mixed methods, pragmatic inquiry design, practical mixed methods	embedded mixed methods, nested mixed methods design, concurrent nested design, CEMM
관련	6	6
요약	Pragmatic mixed methods design is a research approach that selects and combines quantitative and qualitative methods based on what best answers the research question, rather than adhering to a single philosophical paradigm. Rooted in the philosophical tradition of pragmatism — associated with William James, John Dewey, and later Richard Rorty — it treats methodological fit and practical utility as the primary criteria for design decisions. The approach is endorsed by leading mixed methods scholars including Creswell and Plano Clark as the most common philosophical worldview underpinning mixed methods work.	The concurrent embedded mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time, but assigns unequal priority to the two strands: one (usually quantitative) serves as the primary study, while the other (usually qualitative) is nested inside it to answer a supplementary question. The embedded strand does not stand alone; it provides a different perspective on the same phenomenon within a single unified study.