방법 비교

	탈식민 분석	액션 리서치	민족지학(Ethnography)
분야	질적 방법	질적 연구	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 20th century (Said 1978; Spivak 1988; Bhabha 1994)	1946	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
창시자	Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi K. Bhabha	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
유형	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
원전	Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books. ISBN: 978-0394428147	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
별칭	postcolonial criticism, postcolonial theory, colonial discourse analysis, decolonial analysis	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
관련	6	1	5
요약	Postcolonial analysis is a qualitative research approach that critically examines the lasting cultural, political, epistemic, and social effects of colonialism and imperialism. Drawing on foundational works by Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha, it interrogates how colonial power relations are reproduced in texts, institutions, identities, and knowledge systems — and how colonised or marginalised voices can be recovered, amplified, and centred.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.