방법 비교

	Chain of Explanation	Environmental Commodity Chain Analysis
분야	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1987	1994
창시자	Piers Blaikie & Harold Brookfield; Andrew P. Vayda	Gary Gereffi (commodity-chain framework); applied to environment by political ecology and ecological economics
유형	Multi-scale causal-tracing pipeline for environmental change	Network-tracing pipeline linking consumption to distant environmental impacts
원전	Blaikie, P., & Brookfield, H. (1987). Land Degradation and Society. Methuen. ISBN: 9780416401400	Gereffi, G. (1994). The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains: How U.S. Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks. In G. Gereffi & M. Korzeniewicz (Eds.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (pp. 95-122). Greenwood Press. ISBN: 9780313289149
별칭	Regional Political Ecology Chain of Explanation, Progressive Contextualization, Blaikie-Brookfield Chain of Explanation, Place-Based Environmental Causation Chain	Green Commodity Chain Analysis, Global Value Chain Environmental Analysis, Ecological Commodity Chain Analysis, Follow-the-Thing Environmental Analysis
관련	3	3
요약	The chain of explanation is the core analytical device of regional political ecology, introduced by Piers Blaikie and Harold Brookfield in Land Degradation and Society (1987). It treats an environmental outcome such as soil erosion not as a technical accident but as the visible end of a causal chain that runs from the individual land manager outward through the household, the regional economy, the state, and ultimately the world economy. Rather than blaming the farmer or the rainfall, the analyst follows the chain link by link to show how decisions on the ground are shaped by pressures and constraints set at much wider scales. The method is closely allied to Andrew Vayda's progressive contextualization, which begins with a specific human-environment activity and explains it by placing it in progressively wider contexts. Together these give political ecology a disciplined, scale-spanning way to connect local degradation to its political-economic roots.	Environmental commodity chain analysis applies the global commodity chain (later global value chain) framework, originated by Gary Gereffi, to the question of who bears the ecological costs of production and consumption. Gereffi's insight was that globally dispersed production is organized into chains coordinated by lead firms, and that chains differ in their governance: producer-driven chains are steered by manufacturers, buyer-driven chains by retailers and brand owners who set prices, quality, and standards for their suppliers. Environmental analysts extend this by tracing a commodity from extraction through processing to consumption and attaching environmental loads, such as deforestation, emissions, and water use, to each node. Because the demand and the value capture often sit at the consuming end while the heaviest environmental burdens fall at the producing end, the method makes visible the geographic displacement of ecological costs that underlies global trade.