방법 비교

	파일럿 솔로몬 4집단 설계	솔로몬 4집단 설계
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1949 (Solomon design); pilot usage documented in experimental methodology literature from 1960s onward	1949
창시자	Richard L. Solomon (base design); pilot application is a standard methodological practice	Richard L. Solomon
유형	Experimental design — pilot phase	True experimental design
원전	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
별칭	Pilot S4GD, Solomon four-group pilot study, pilot four-group pretest-posttest control design, pilot SFGD	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
관련	3	5
요약	The Pilot Solomon Four-Group Design is a small-scale, preliminary implementation of the Solomon four-group experimental design. Its purpose is to test the feasibility and logistics of the full design before committing to a resource-intensive main study. The Solomon four-group design, introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, controls for pretest sensitisation by using four groups — two that receive a pretest and two that do not — crossed with treatment and control conditions. Piloting this design allows researchers to estimate effect sizes, detect procedural problems, and verify that the pretest does not unduly influence posttest scores.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.