방법 비교

	필라델피아 마음챙김 척도 (PHLMS)	프라이부르크 마음챙김 척도 (FMI)
분야	마음챙김 심리학	마음챙김 심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2008	2001
창시자	Lizabeth A. Cardaciotto, James D. Herbert, and colleagues at Drexel University	Nikolaus Buchheld, Peter Grossman, and Harald Walach
유형	Self-report	Self-report
원전	Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204-223.	Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation-naïve subjects using the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal of Meditation and Meditation Research, 1(1), 11-21.
별칭	PHLMS, PHLMS-20	FMI, FMI-30, FMI-14
관련	4	3
요약	The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) is a 20-item self-report instrument measuring trait mindfulness across two core dimensions: Present-Moment Awareness and Acceptance. Developed by Cardaciotto, Herbert, and colleagues at Drexel University and published in Assessment in 2008, the PHLMS emphasizes the integration of attentional and acceptance-based processes central to contemporary mindfulness theory and practice. The two-factor structure reflects the distinction between the ability to focus attention on present experience and the capacity to receive that experience without judgment or resistance—processes that jointly characterize psychological flexibility and adaptive mindfulness.	The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire measuring trait mindfulness, with a widely used 14-item short form (FMI-14). Developed by Buchheld, Grossman, and Walach in 2001 and originally validated in insight meditation practitioners, the FMI has become a standard measure in mindfulness-based intervention research, particularly in European studies and clinical trials evaluating MBSR and MBCT. The instrument emphasizes present-moment awareness, non-judgment, and openness to experience.