방법 비교

	정당 정체성 척도	Populism Scale
분야	정치심리학	정치심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1960	2014
창시자	Angus Campbell et al.	Matthijs Bukkerman, Cas Mudde, Andrej Zaslaysky
유형	Self-report	Self-report
원전	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.	Akkerman, A., Mudde, C., & Zaslaysky, A. (2014). How populist are the people? Measuring populist attitudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47(9), 1324-1353.
별칭	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength	PAS, Akkerman Populism Scale, Populist Attitudes Measure
관련	3	3
요약	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.	The Populism Attitudes Scale measures individual propensity toward populist political orientations, including Manichean worldview (pure people vs. corrupt elites), belief in popular sovereignty, and anti-elitism. Developed by Akkerman, Mudde, and Zaslaysky (2014), the eight-item scale distinguishes populist attitudes from left-right ideology, authoritarian attitudes, and distrust of institutions. It captures voters' susceptibility to populist political messaging across left-wing and right-wing populist movements globally, from Latin American left-populism to European right-wing populism.