방법 비교

	참여형 혼합 방법 메타 추론	참여적 실행 연구 (PAR)
분야	연구설계	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1998–2010	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
창시자	Abbas Tashakkori & Charles Teddlie (meta-inference concept); extended to participatory contexts by Sweetman, Badiee & Creswell	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
유형	Integrative inference procedure within participatory mixed methods	Qualitative research method
원전	Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972666	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
별칭	PMMMI, participatory meta-inference, community-based mixed methods inference, integrated meta-inference in participatory research	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
관련	1	6
요약	Participatory mixed methods meta-inference is the process by which researchers and community co-investigators draw a unified, integrated conclusion — the meta-inference — from separately analysed qualitative and quantitative strands within a participatory mixed methods study. Grounded in the meta-inference framework of Tashakkori and Teddlie and extended into participatory and transformative research contexts, it treats the final synthesis of evidence not merely as a methodological step but as a collaborative, community-accountable act of knowledge production.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.