방법 비교

	참여형 개입 혼합 연구 설계	액션 리서치
분야	연구설계	질적 연구
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1990s–2000s (formalized as mixed methods variant ~2000–2010)	1946
창시자	Donna Mertens; John Creswell & Vicki Plano Clark (mixed methods traditions); community-based participatory research scholars	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
유형	Mixed methods research design	Method
원전	Mertens, D. M. (2009). Transformative Research and Evaluation. Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1606230077	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
별칭	PIMM, participatory mixed methods intervention, community-based intervention mixed methods, action-oriented mixed methods design	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
관련	2	1
요약	Participatory Intervention Mixed Methods (PIMM) is a research design that embeds community members as co-investigators in the planning and delivery of an intervention, while collecting and integrating both quantitative outcome data and qualitative experiential data. The design bridges participatory action research traditions with the rigor of mixed methods, enabling researchers to simultaneously measure whether an intervention works and understand how and why it works from participants' own perspectives.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.