방법 비교

	참여형 문서 분석	비판적 문서 분석
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1940s–2000s (synthesis of participatory tradition and systematic document analysis)	Late 20th – early 21st century (2000s–present as an explicit variant)
창시자	Rooted in participatory action research (Kurt Lewin, 1940s); document analysis formalized by Glenn Bowen (2009)	Glenn Bowen; Lindsay Prior (foundational document analysis); critical theory tradition (Freire, Habermas)
유형	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design and analytic method
원전	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
별칭	PDA, collaborative document analysis, participatory archival analysis, community-based document analysis	CDA-doc, critical documentary analysis, critical policy document analysis, critical textual document analysis
관련	4	5
요약	Participatory Document Analysis is a qualitative research approach that systematically examines existing documents — such as policy records, reports, correspondence, and community archives — while actively involving community members or stakeholders as co-researchers in the selection, interpretation, and meaning-making processes. It merges the rigor of established document analysis techniques with the democratic ethos of participatory action research, ensuring that those most affected by the documents have voice in shaping what those documents mean.	Critical document analysis is a qualitative method that systematically examines written, visual, or digital documents — such as policy texts, institutional reports, curriculum materials, and official records — through a critical theoretical lens. Rather than treating documents as neutral containers of information, it interrogates how documents produce, reflect, and reproduce power relations, ideologies, and social inequalities. The approach draws on critical theory traditions, including the work of Paulo Freire and Jurgen Habermas, as well as established frameworks for document analysis developed by Bowen and Prior.