방법 비교

	참여적 비판 담론 분석	참여적 실행 연구 (PAR)
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1990s–2000s (emerged as integrated approach)	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
창시자	Draws on Ruth Wodak, Norman Fairclough (CDA) and Kurt Lewin, Orlando Fals Borda (participatory action research)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
유형	Qualitative research design and analysis approach	Qualitative research method
원전	Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2001). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761961543	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
별칭	PCDA, participatory CDA, collaborative critical discourse analysis, action-oriented CDA	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
관련	6	6
요약	Participatory Critical Discourse Analysis (PCDA) integrates the ideology-exposing tools of Critical Discourse Analysis with the community-centred ethics of participatory action research. Researchers and community members jointly collect and analyse texts and talk to reveal how language constructs, legitimises, or contests unequal power relations — and then use those insights to drive concrete social change.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.