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| 긍정 및 부정 정서 척도 (PANAS)× | 역학 연구 센터 우울증 척도 (CES-D)× | 우울 불안 스트레스 척도-21 (DASS-21)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 분야 | 임상심리학 | 임상심리학 | 임상심리학 |
| 계열 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 기원 연도≠ | 1988 | 1977 | 1995 |
| 창시자≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond |
| 유형≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Community-based depression assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening |
| 원전≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ |
| 별칭≠ | PANAS, PANAS-X | CES-D, CESD | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 |
| 관련 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 요약≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. |
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