방법 비교

	순서형 측정 불변성 검증	순서형 확인적 요인 분석
분야	심리측정학	심리측정학
계열	Latent structure	Latent structure
기원 연도	1984–2011	1984
창시자	Roger Millsap; Bengt Muthén	Bengt O. Muthén
유형	Multi-group model comparison	Latent variable / structural
원전	Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936	Flora, D. B. & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491.
별칭	ordinal MI, measurement invariance for ordinal data, ordinal CFA invariance, categorical measurement invariance	CFA for ordinal data, polychoric CFA, WLSMV CFA, categorical CFA
관련	6	5
요약	Ordinal measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a multi-group confirmatory factor model holds equivalent measurement properties across groups when scale items are ordinal — such as Likert-type response scales. It uses polychoric correlations and categorical estimators (WLSMV/DWLS) rather than Pearson-based methods, correcting the systematic bias that arises when ordinal data are treated as continuous.	Ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (Ordinal CFA) tests a pre-specified factor structure when the observed indicators are ordinal — typically Likert-type survey items. By using polychoric correlations and robust estimators such as WLSMV, it avoids the bias that arises from treating categorical responses as continuous.