방법 비교

	Iowa-Netherlands Social Comparison Orientation Scale	소셜 미디어 장애 척도
분야	소셜미디어 심리학	소셜미디어 심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1999	2016
창시자	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Roos J. J. M. van den Eijnden, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg
유형	Self-report	Self-report
원전	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 481–490.
별칭	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	SMD Scale
관련	4	4
요약	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD Scale) is a 9-item self-report measure developed by van den Eijnden and colleagues in 2016 to assess problematic social media use characterized by loss of control, withdrawal, tolerance, and conflict—mirroring criteria from behavioral addiction frameworks. It identifies individuals whose engagement with social media platforms has reached clinically concerning levels that interfere with daily functioning.