방법 비교

	온라인 학습	전이 학습
분야	머신러닝	머신러닝
계열	Machine learning	Machine learning
기원 연도	1958–2000s	2010 (formalized); 1990s (early roots)
창시자	Rosenblatt, F.; Littlestone, N.; Shalev-Shwartz, S. (key contributors)	Pan, S. J. & Yang, Q. (survey); Bengio, Y. (deep learning framing)
유형	Learning paradigm (sequential model update)	Learning paradigm
원전	Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2011). Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107–194.	Pan, S. J., & Yang, Q. (2010). A Survey on Transfer Learning. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 22(10), 1345–1359.
별칭	incremental learning, sequential learning, streaming learning, online machine learning	TL, domain adaptation, fine-tuning, pre-trained model adaptation
관련	6	3
요약	Online learning is a machine learning paradigm in which a model is updated incrementally as each new data point arrives, rather than being trained once on a fixed dataset. It is essential when data streams continuously, storage is limited, or the underlying distribution shifts over time. Theoretical performance is measured by cumulative regret relative to the best fixed predictor in hindsight.	Transfer learning is a machine learning paradigm in which knowledge gained from training a model on a source task or domain is reused to improve learning on a different but related target task or domain. It is especially powerful when labeled data for the target task is scarce, and it underlies most modern deep learning applications in computer vision, natural language processing, and beyond.