방법 비교

	Nutrient Profiling Model	In-Store Food Availability Audit
분야	Food Agriculture Studies	Food Agriculture Studies
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2005	2007
창시자	Mike Rayner, Peter Scarborough & Tim Lobstein (UK FSA/Ofcom model); Public Health Nutrition framework	Food-environment field-audit tradition (general observational protocol; cf. Glanz, Saelens & colleagues' instruments)
유형	Scoring pipeline classifying foods by nutritional composition	Structured observational field-audit pipeline
원전	Scarborough, P., Rayner, M., & Stockley, L. (2007). Developing nutrient profile models: a systematic approach. Public Health Nutrition, 10(4), 330-336.	Glanz, K., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., & Frank, L. D. (2007). Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S): Development and Evaluation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(4), 282-289.
별칭	Nutrient Profiling, UK Ofcom/FSA Nutrient Profile Model, WXYfm Model, Nutrient Profile Scoring	Store Food Audit, Food Availability Audit, Retail Food Observation Protocol, In-Store Food Environment Audit
관련	4	4
요약	Nutrient profiling is the science of categorising foods according to their nutritional composition for reasons related to preventing disease and promoting health. A nutrient profiling model operationalises this idea as a transparent scoring algorithm: each food is awarded points for components considered detrimental in excess (energy, saturated fat, sugars, sodium) and points for beneficial components (fruit, vegetable and nut content, fibre, protein), and the net score is thresholded to classify the food as 'healthier' or 'less healthy'. The best-known example is the UK Food Standards Agency / Ofcom model (the WXYfm model developed by Rayner, Scarborough and colleagues), adopted in 2007 to restrict television advertising of less-healthy foods to children and later adapted by the WHO and as the underlying engine of front-of-pack schemes. Scarborough, Rayner and Stockley set out the systematic, transparent development process that distinguishes a defensible model from an ad hoc one.	An in-store food availability audit is a structured observational protocol in which a trained auditor physically visits a food outlet and records, against a predefined checklist, which foods are stocked, at what prices, and in what condition. It is the general field-audit method that underpins much food-environment research: rather than inferring access from business listings, the auditor walks the aisles and documents reality. The approach was crystallised by validated instruments such as Glanz, Saelens and colleagues' Nutrition Environment Measures Survey, but the audit logic — define an item list, sample outlets, train raters, observe systematically, and check reliability — is a reusable protocol that researchers adapt to corner stores, supermarkets, markets, pharmacies and informal vendors. The output is a direct, reproducible characterisation of what people can actually buy where they live.