방법 비교

	명목집단기법	액션 리서치	콘텐츠 분석
분야	질적 방법	질적 연구	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1971	1946	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018
창시자	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research
유형	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique
원전	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661
별칭	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis
관련	6	1	5
요약	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.