방법 비교

	다수준 베이지안 모형 평균화	다수준 MCMC (Multilevel MCMC)
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	1999–2000s	1990s
창시자	Hoeting, Madigan, Raftery, Volinsky (BMA foundation); multilevel extension developed across the late 1990s–2000s	Gelfand & Smith (sampling-based approach); multilevel extension developed through 1990s Bayesian hierarchical modeling literature
유형	Bayesian ensemble / model selection	Bayesian computational inference
원전	Hoeting, J. A., Madigan, D., Raftery, A. E. & Volinsky, C. T. (1999). Bayesian model averaging: A tutorial. Statistical Science, 14(4), 382-401.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
별칭	ML-BMA, hierarchical Bayesian model averaging, multilevel BMA, Bayesian model averaging in multilevel models	hierarchical MCMC, multilevel Bayesian sampling, MLMCMC, hierarchical Markov chain Monte Carlo
관련	6	6
요약	Multilevel Bayesian model averaging (ML-BMA) extends classical Bayesian model averaging to grouped or hierarchically structured data. Rather than committing to a single multilevel model specification, it computes a weighted average of predictions and parameter estimates across a set of candidate multilevel models, weighting each model by its posterior probability given the data. The result accounts simultaneously for uncertainty in the grouping structure, fixed effects, random effects, and covariate selection.	Multilevel MCMC applies Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to hierarchical (multilevel) Bayesian models. It draws samples from the joint posterior of both group-level and population-level parameters simultaneously, propagating uncertainty across levels and enabling inference in clustered or nested data structures where observations within groups share common distributional characteristics.