방법 비교

	다수준 근사 베이즈 계산	순차 몬테카를로 (Sequential Monte Carlo, SMC)
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	1993 (particle filter); 2006 (SMC samplers)
창시자	Extension of ABC (Beaumont et al., 2002) to multilevel/hierarchical settings; developed across multiple authors in the 2010s	Gordon, Salmond & Smith (particle filter); Del Moral, Doucet & Jasra (SMC samplers)
유형	Simulation-based Bayesian inference	Sequential Bayesian computation
원전	Beaumont, M. A., Zhang, W., & Balding, D. J. (2002). Approximate Bayesian computation in population genetics. Genetics, 162(4), 2025–2035.	Gordon, N. J., Salmond, D. J., & Smith, A. F. M. (1993). Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation. IEE Proceedings F - Radar and Signal Processing, 140(2), 107–113.
별칭	multilevel ABC, hierarchical ABC, multi-level ABC, ABC for hierarchical models	SMC, particle filter, sequential importance resampling, SMC sampler
관련	6	6
요약	Multilevel Approximate Bayesian Computation (multilevel ABC) extends simulation-based Bayesian inference to hierarchically structured data. When the likelihood is intractable and observations are nested within groups, it replaces direct likelihood evaluation with simulations at each level of the hierarchy, accepting parameter draws whose simulated summary statistics are close to the observed ones.	Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) is a family of simulation-based algorithms that approximate evolving probability distributions by propagating and reweighting a cloud of weighted random draws called particles. It handles nonlinear, non-Gaussian models and streams of data naturally, making it the method of choice for real-time state estimation and posterior approximation over complex distributions.