방법 비교

	Multidimensional Deprivation Analysis	Asset Index Construction
분야	Development Studies	Development Studies
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003	2001
창시자	Anthony B. Atkinson; Sabina Alkire & James Foster	Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett
유형	Family of multidimensional deprivation measurement approaches	Composite socioeconomic-status proxy index
원전	Atkinson, A. B. (2003). Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches. Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1), 51-65.	Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data—or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.
별칭	Counting Approach to Deprivation, Deprivation Dashboard Analysis, Multidimensional Deprivation Measurement, Overlapping Deprivation Analysis	Wealth Index, Asset Index, PCA Wealth Index, Socioeconomic Status Index
관련	4	4
요약	Multidimensional deprivation analysis is the broad family of methods for measuring and describing disadvantage across several dimensions at once — health, education, living standards, work, and more — rather than through income alone. It spans the counting approach championed by Anthony Atkinson and formalized by Sabina Alkire and James Foster, the dashboard tradition of reporting deprivation indicators side by side, fuzzy-set treatments that soften sharp thresholds, and overlap analysis that asks whether the same people are deprived in many dimensions. The unifying questions are how to decide who is deprived in each dimension, how to identify the multiply deprived, and whether to summarize deprivation in one index or display it as a panel of indicators.	Asset index construction builds a proxy for household wealth or socioeconomic status from observable possessions — durable goods, housing quality, and access to utilities — when reliable income or consumption data are unavailable. The dominant approach, popularized by Deon Filmer and Lant Pritchett in 2001, applies principal component analysis (PCA) to a set of asset variables and uses the first principal component as a set of weights, producing a single wealth score for each household. The method underlies the wealth quintiles reported in Demographic and Health Surveys and many other household surveys across low- and middle-income countries.