방법 비교

	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)	경계 경로 프로토콜 (BGP)	Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
분야	통신공학	통신공학	통신공학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2001	1989	1998
창시자	IETF MPLS Working Group	IETF Routing Protocols Working Group	John Moy
유형	label-based forwarding paradigm	path-vector routing protocol	link-state routing protocol
원전	Rosen, E. C., Viswanathan, A., & Callon, R. (2001). Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture. RFC 3031.	Rekhter, Y., Li, T., & Hares, S. (2006). A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). RFC 4271.	Moy, J. T. (1998). OSPF Version 2. RFC 2328.
별칭	label switching, traffic engineering	exterior gateway protocol, inter-domain routing	link-state routing, intra-domain routing
관련	4	2	2
요약	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a forwarding paradigm that prepends a short label to packets, enabling routers to make forwarding decisions based on the label rather than IP destination address. Introduced by IETF (2001), MPLS was designed to enable traffic engineering, VPN creation, and fast rerouting in IP networks. While MPLS complexity is high, it remains foundational in service provider backbones for traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning.	BGP is the de facto standard routing protocol for interconnecting autonomous systems (ASs) on the Internet. Since its introduction in 1989, BGP has scaled the Internet to millions of routers and trillions of destinations. BGP is path-vector-based, using a flexible policy system to control route propagation and selection. While BGP convergence can be slow and policies complex, it remains the only viable protocol for Internet-scale inter-domain routing.	OSPF is a link-state interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing within an autonomous system. Introduced by John Moy in 1998, OSPF converges faster than distance-vector protocols and supports equal-cost multipath (ECMP). It remains widely deployed in enterprise and ISP networks for intra-domain routing, though IS-IS is increasingly preferred in large backbones.