방법 비교

	MODFLOW 지하수 모델링	교통 흐름 (LWR 모델)	단위 유량도
분야	토목공학	토목공학	토목공학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017)	1955	1932
창시자	Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey)	M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham	L. K. Sherman
유형	Numerical groundwater flow simulation	Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws	Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow
원전	Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16.	Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316.	Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505.
별칭	MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model	LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory	UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis
관련	0	3	3
요약	MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies.	The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways.	The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment.