방법 비교

	기계 학습 증강 주변 구조 모델 (ML-MSM)	성향 점수 가중치 (PSW / IPW)
분야	인과추론	인과추론
계열	Regression model	Regression model
기원 연도	2000 (MSM); 2011 (ML-augmented via targeted learning)	1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator)
창시자	Robins, Hernan & Brumback (MSM, 2000); van der Laan & Rose (ML augmentation, TMLE framework, 2011)	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting)
유형	Causal inference / semiparametric weighted regression	Causal inference / reweighting
원전	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
별칭	ML-MSM, ML-augmented MSM, data-adaptive MSM, TMLE-MSM	PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting
관련	5	6
요약	The machine learning-augmented marginal structural model combines the causal rigour of Robins et al.'s MSM framework with flexible, data-adaptive ML algorithms for estimating propensity scores and outcome models. By replacing parametric nuisance models with ensemble learners or neural networks, ML-MSMs recover valid causal estimates under confounding without relying on correctly specified parametric forms.	Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003).