방법 비교

	K-means 군집화	온라인 학습
분야	머신러닝	머신러닝
계열	Machine learning	Machine learning
기원 연도	1967 (formalized 1982)	1958–2000s
창시자	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Rosenblatt, F.; Littlestone, N.; Shalev-Shwartz, S. (key contributors)
유형	Partitional clustering	Learning paradigm (sequential model update)
원전	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2011). Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107–194.
별칭	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	incremental learning, sequential learning, streaming learning, online machine learning
관련	4	6
요약	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Online learning is a machine learning paradigm in which a model is updated incrementally as each new data point arrives, rather than being trained once on a fixed dataset. It is essential when data streams continuously, storage is limited, or the underlying distribution shifts over time. Theoretical performance is measured by cumulative regret relative to the best fixed predictor in hindsight.