방법 비교

	Inequality-adjusted HDI	Capability Approach Measurement
분야	Development Studies	Development Studies
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2010	1999
창시자	Sabina Alkire & James Foster; UNDP Human Development Report Office	Amartya Sen; Martha Nussbaum
유형	Distribution-sensitive composite development index	Normative framework for evaluating well-being and development
원전	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2010). Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). OPHI Working Paper 37 / Human Development Research Paper 2010/28. UNDP Human Development Report Office, New York.	Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN: 9780385720274
별칭	IHDI, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Atkinson-adjusted HDI, Distribution-sensitive HDI	Capability Approach, Sen's Capability Approach, Functionings and Capabilities Measurement, Human Capability Framework
관련	4	4
요약	The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) extends the Human Development Index by accounting for how achievements in health, education, and income are distributed across a population, not just their averages. Designed by Sabina Alkire and James Foster for the UNDP and introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report, it discounts each HDI dimension by the inequality observed within it, using an Atkinson-class inequality measure. When there is no inequality the IHDI equals the HDI; as inequality rises the IHDI falls below it, and the percentage gap — the 'loss' — measures how much human development is eroded by being unequally shared.	The capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen and given a concrete list-based form by Martha Nussbaum, evaluates individual well-being and social arrangements in the space of capabilities — the real freedoms people have to achieve the kinds of lives they have reason to value — rather than in the space of income, resources, or subjective utility. Measurement under the approach means identifying valued functionings, the resources and conversion factors that turn resources into functionings, and the freedom people enjoy to choose among them.