방법 비교

	Historical Event-History Demography	Family Reconstitution
분야	Historical Demography	Historical Demography
계열	Survival analysis	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2004	1956
창시자	Eurasian Population and Family History Project (Tommy Bengtsson, Cameron Campbell, James Lee and collaborators)	Louis Henry and Michel Fleury; refined by E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield (Cambridge Group)
유형	Hazard regression on longitudinal micro-data	Nominative record-linkage and demographic estimation
원전	Bengtsson, T., Campbell, C., & Lee, J. Z. (2004). Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262025515	Wrigley, E. A., Davies, R. S., Oeppen, J. E., & Schofield, R. S. (1997). English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580-1837. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521590150
별칭	Historical hazard analysis, Eurasian Project event-history, Survival analysis of vital events, Micro-level demographic response models	Parish register reconstitution, Nominative family linkage, Henry-Fleury method, Cambridge Group reconstitution
관련	4	4
요약	Historical event-history demography applies the statistical machinery of survival and hazard analysis to longitudinal individual-level historical data, modelling the risk that a person experiences a demographic event—death, marriage, migration, or a birth—as it varies with their changing circumstances. Pioneered by the Eurasian Population and Family History Project, whose comparative findings Bengtsson, Campbell and Lee synthesised in Life under Pressure (2004), the approach exploits population registers and reconstituted families that record events with precise dates alongside time-varying covariates such as grain prices, household composition and social standing. Its signature contribution is measuring the short-term demographic response to economic stress: how mortality, fertility and marriage reacted, differentially by class and household position, to harvest failure and price spikes. By moving from aggregate correlations to individual hazards, it reveals who bore the brunt of subsistence crises and how families buffered, or failed to buffer, their most vulnerable members.	Family reconstitution is the nominative technique that rebuilds the demographic experience of historical communities by linking individual baptism, marriage and burial entries from parish registers into the reproductive and mortality histories of identifiable families. Developed by Louis Henry and Michel Fleury in 1950s France and brought to its fullest expression by the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure under Wrigley and Schofield, the method transforms an undifferentiated stream of vital events into Family Reconstitution Forms, each documenting a marriage, the births of children, and the deaths of family members. From these forms the analyst derives age-specific fertility, age at marriage, birth intervals, infant and child mortality, and adult survivorship. Because it works at the individual level it can isolate demographic behaviours—such as spacing or stopping—invisible to aggregate counts, making it the gold standard for pre-census population history.