방법 비교

	HISCLASS Social Class Coding	Occupational Structure Reconstruction
분야	Social History	Economic History
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2011	2010
창시자	Marco H. D. van Leeuwen and Ineke Maas	E. A. Wrigley and the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure
유형	measurement-classification	descriptive-reconstruction
원전	van Leeuwen, M. H. D., & Maas, I. (2011). HISCLASS: A Historical International Social Class Scheme. Leuven University Press. ISBN: 9789058678577	Wrigley, E. A. (2010). The PST System of Classifying Occupations. Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure.
별칭	HISCLASS coding, Historical social class scheme, Occupation-to-class translation, Skill-based class coding	PST occupational coding, Sectoral structure reconstruction, Primary-secondary-tertiary classification, Cambridge occupational structure
관련	3	3
요약	HISCLASS, the Historical International Social Class Scheme, converts HISCO-coded occupations into a hierarchy of social classes designed for cross-national, long-run historical analysis. Where HISCO answers 'what occupation?', HISCLASS answers 'what social standing?'. Developed by van Leeuwen and Maas, it sorts occupations along four theoretically grounded dimensions: the skill level of the work, whether it is manual or non-manual, whether it involves supervision of others, and whether it lies in the agricultural sector. Combining these yields a twelve-class scheme that can be collapsed into seven or five classes for coarser analysis. Because it is derived deterministically from HISCO codes and status modifiers, HISCLASS gives historians a replicable, internationally comparable measure of class that travels across the same span of languages and centuries as HISCO itself. It has become the standard input for historical studies of inequality, marriage patterns, and intergenerational social mobility.	Occupational structure reconstruction uses the distribution of the workforce across economic activities to chart how an economy's sectoral composition evolved before modern statistics. The Cambridge Group, led by E. A. Wrigley, developed the Primary-Secondary-Tertiary (PST) system, a classification purpose-built for historical occupational descriptors that sorts every recorded occupation into agriculture and extraction (primary), manufacturing and processing (secondary), or trade, transport, and services (tertiary), with finer subdivisions beneath. By coding occupations from censuses, parish registers, probate inventories, trade directories, and militia lists, the method estimates the share of workers in each sector and tracks its movement across benchmark years. Because the shift from primary to secondary and tertiary employment is the structural signature of economic development, these reconstructions illuminate the timing and geography of industrialization with a directness that aggregate output figures cannot match, complementing and constraining national-accounting estimates of growth.