방법 비교

	지리정보시스템 기반 다기준 의사결정 분석 (GIS-MCDA)	계층 분석 과정	최소 비용 경로 / 비용 거리 분석
분야	공간분석	의사결정	공간분석
계열	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2006	1980	1994
창시자	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation
유형	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Raster cost-surface routing
원전	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.
별칭	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol
관련	4	8	3
요약	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.