방법 비교

	일반건강설문-12 (GHQ-12)	우울 불안 스트레스 척도-21 (DASS-21)	병원 불안 및 우울 척도 (HADS)
분야	임상심리학	임상심리학	임상심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1992	1995	1983
창시자	David P. Goldberg	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith
유형	Psychiatric symptom screening	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations
원전	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
별칭	GHQ-12, GHQ	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D
관련	5	5	4
요약	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.