방법 비교

	기하학적 형태 계측학	석기 도구의 사용 흔적 분석
분야	고고학	고고학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1991	1980
창시자	Fred Bookstein	Lawrence Keeley
유형	Shape and form analysis	Tool function inference
원전	Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.	Keeley, L. H. (1980). Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses. University of Chicago Press.
별칭	shape analysis, morphometric analysis	microwear, tool use analysis
관련	4	4
요약	Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.	Use-wear analysis (also called microwear or tool-use analysis) is a method that infers the function of stone tools from microscopic wear patterns on their cutting edges and surfaces. Pioneered by Lawrence Keeley in the 1970s-1980s, this technique examines damage patterns, polishes, and edge rounding produced as tools contact different materials during use. By analyzing these wear patterns, archaeologists can determine whether a tool was used to cut plant material, meat, bone, hide, or wood—revealing detailed information about task specialization and subsistence practices in prehistoric societies.