방법 비교

	프론트도어 조정 (Frontdoor Criterion)	인과관계 발견 알고리즘 (PC, FCI, LiNGAM)	방향성 비순환 그래프(DAG)를 이용한 인과 관계 식별(do-calculus)
분야	인과추론	인과추론	인과추론
계열	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
기원 연도	1995	2000	2009
창시자	Judea Pearl	Spirtes, Glymour & Scheines (PC/FCI); Shimizu et al. (LiNGAM)	Judea Pearl
유형	Causal identification (graphical adjustment)	Causal structure learning	Causal identification framework
원전	Pearl, J. (1995). Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research. Biometrika, 82(4), 669-688.	Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2000). Causation, Prediction, and Search (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262194402	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606
별칭	frontdoor criterion, Pearl's frontdoor adjustment, frontdoor formula, Ön Kapı Düzenlemesi (Frontdoor Adjustment)	PC algorithm, FCI algorithm, LiNGAM, causal structure learning	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)
관련	4	5	5
요약	Frontdoor adjustment is Judea Pearl's graphical identification strategy, introduced in 1995, that recovers the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome through a fully mediating variable even when an unobserved confounder sits between the treatment and the outcome. It is the go-to tool when the backdoor criterion cannot be satisfied because the confounder is unmeasured.	Causal discovery is a family of algorithms that automatically learn a directed acyclic graph (DAG) describing causal structure directly from observational data. The constraint-based PC and FCI algorithms were developed by Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines (2000), while the LiNGAM model of Shimizu et al. (2006) exploits linear non-Gaussian structure to orient edges.	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.