방법 비교

	현장 기록	일기법	민족지학(Ethnography)
분야	조사방법론	조사방법론	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
창시자	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
유형	Qualitative data collection and recording technique	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
원전	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
별칭	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
관련	6	5	5
요약	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.