방법 비교

	현장 기반 구술사	참여적 실행 연구 (PAR)
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1960s–1970s (modern oral history movement)	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
창시자	Paul Thompson; Alessandro Portelli (theoretical elaboration)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
유형	Qualitative fieldwork design	Qualitative research method
원전	Thompson, P. (2000). The Voice of the Past: Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0192893888	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
별칭	oral history fieldwork, in-situ oral history, community oral history, field oral history	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
관련	5	6
요약	Field-based oral history is a qualitative research design in which in-depth narrative interviews are conducted on-site — at the community, location, or setting that is historically or experientially significant to participants. By situating interviews in the actual field rather than a laboratory or office, the approach activates contextual memory, enriches description, and grounds personal testimony in the material landscape it references. It is widely used in history, anthropology, sociology, and heritage studies.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.