방법 비교

	현장 기반 은유 분석	민족지학(Ethnography)
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1990s–2000s (field-based applications)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
창시자	Rooted in Lakoff & Johnson (1980); field-based application developed across educational and social science research from the 1990s onward	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
유형	Qualitative analytic method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
원전	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
별칭	field metaphor elicitation, naturalistic metaphor analysis, contextual metaphor analysis, FbMA	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
관련	5	5
요약	Field-based metaphor analysis is a qualitative method that collects and interprets spontaneous or elicited metaphors from participants in their natural settings. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory, it reveals how individuals and communities structure abstract concepts — such as teaching, leadership, or illness — through figurative language encountered or produced in real contexts. Unlike purely document-based metaphor studies, field-based variants combine data collection in natural field settings with systematic analytic coding.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.