방법 비교

	현장 기반 근거 이론	민족지학(Ethnography)
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1967 (original GT); field-based variant developed through 1980s–2000s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
창시자	Kathy Charmaz (constructivist extension); Barney Glaser & Anselm Strauss (original grounded theory)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
유형	Qualitative research design and analysis approach	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
원전	Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761973539	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
별칭	constructivist grounded theory, ethnographic grounded theory, situational grounded theory, field grounded theory	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
관련	6	5
요약	Field-based grounded theory integrates sustained fieldwork — participant observation, field notes, and naturalistic data collection — with the iterative coding and theoretical sampling procedures of classic grounded theory. Where standard grounded theory typically relies on interview transcripts, the field-based variant anchors theory generation in direct, prolonged observation of naturally occurring social processes in context. The result is a substantive theory that is grounded in both what people say and what they actually do in their everyday settings.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.