방법 비교

	고장 모드 및 영향 분석 (FMEA)	근본 원인 분석
분야	실험설계	품질경영
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s	1986
창시자	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)	Kaoru Ishikawa
유형	Proactive risk analysis technique	Structured causal-inference tool
원전	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989	Ishikawa, K. (1986). Guide to Quality Control (2nd ed.). Asian Productivity Organization. ISBN: 978-92-833-1036-7
별칭	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis	Cause-and-Effect Analysis, Fishbone Analysis, Ishikawa Diagram, Kök Neden Analizi
관련	6	3
요약	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.	Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a structured, systematic method for identifying the fundamental causes of defects, failures, or undesirable outcomes rather than treating surface-level symptoms. Popularised by Japanese quality engineer Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s–1980s, and formally codified in his 1986 Guide to Quality Control, RCA combines the Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram with the iterative 5 Whys questioning technique to trace causal chains back to their origin.