방법 비교

	대면 반구조화 면담	포커스 그룹 연구
분야	조사방법론	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1940s onward; widely codified in the 1980s–1990s	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
창시자	Rooted in sociological interview traditions; systematised by researchers including Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld (focused interview, 1940s) and later elaborated by Steinar Kvale	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
유형	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection method
원전	Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198722519	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
별칭	in-person semi-structured interview, semi-structured personal interview, guided face-to-face interview, FFSSI	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
관련	6	6
요약	A face-to-face semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection technique in which a researcher meets a participant in person and follows a prepared topic guide of open-ended questions while retaining the flexibility to probe, reorder, and explore emerging themes. It combines the consistency of a predetermined agenda with the depth and responsiveness of an open dialogue, making it one of the most widely used methods in qualitative and mixed-methods research across the social, health, and educational sciences.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.