방법 비교

	대면 델파이 기법	온라인 델파이 기법
분야	조사방법론	조사방법론
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1950s–1963	Original Delphi: 1950s–1960s; Online variant: mid-1990s onwards
창시자	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Olaf Helmer, Norman Dalkey, Nicholas Rescher (RAND Corporation); online adaptation emerged in the 1990s–2000s
유형	Structured expert-consensus method	Iterative expert consensus method (online)
원전	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015.
별칭	in-person Delphi, face-to-face Delphi, conventional Delphi, FtF Delphi	e-Delphi, electronic Delphi, web-based Delphi, internet Delphi
관련	5	5
요약	The face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across multiple rounds, panelists independently respond to structured questionnaires, receive aggregated group feedback, and revise their judgments until acceptable consensus is reached. The face-to-face format adds direct interpersonal interaction while preserving the anonymity of individual ratings within each round.	The Online Delphi Technique (e-Delphi) is an iterative, web-mediated consensus method in which a geographically dispersed panel of experts responds to successive rounds of structured questionnaires distributed and collected via email or a web platform. Anonymous feedback and controlled statistical summaries are fed back between rounds, guiding panellists toward convergence on priorities, predictions, or recommendations without the social pressures of face-to-face group discussion.