방법 비교

	평가 지향 다수준 혼합 방법 설계	다수준 모형
분야	연구설계	연구 통계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	1992
창시자	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (systematization)	Anthony Bryk and Stephen Raudenbush
유형	Mixed methods evaluation design	Method
원전	Mertens, D. M. (2010). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1412975551	Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. SAGE Publications.
별칭	multilevel mixed methods evaluation, hierarchical mixed methods evaluation, MLM mixed methods, nested mixed methods evaluation	HLM, mixed-effects models, random effects models, MLM
관련	2	3
요약	Evaluation-oriented multilevel mixed methods is a research design that combines quantitative and qualitative data across hierarchically nested levels of an organization or system — such as students within classrooms within schools — to evaluate a program, policy, or intervention. By capturing outcomes, processes, and contextual factors simultaneously at each level, this design produces richer evaluative inferences than either purely statistical multilevel models or single-level qualitative evaluations alone.	Multilevel modeling (also called hierarchical linear modeling, mixed-effects modeling) is a statistical framework for analyzing data organized in nested or clustered structures—students within schools, patients within hospitals, repeated measures within individuals. Developed by Bryk and Raudenbush (1992), it accounts for dependency among observations and partitions variance into levels (within-cluster and between-cluster), enabling valid inference and revealing context effects. Essential in education, medicine, organizational research, and any field where data have natural hierarchies.