방법 비교

	동적 해밀토니안 몬테카를로	변분 추론
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	2014	1999
창시자	Matthew D. Hoffman and Andrew Gelman	Jordan, Ghahramani, Jaakkola & Saul
유형	adaptive MCMC sampler	Approximate Bayesian inference
원전	Hoffman, M. D. & Gelman, A. (2014). The No-U-Turn Sampler: Adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 15(1), 1593–1623.	Jordan, M. I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T. S., & Saul, L. K. (1999). An introduction to variational methods for graphical models. Machine Learning, 37(2), 183–233.
별칭	Dynamic HMC, NUTS, No-U-Turn Sampler, adaptive HMC	VI, variational Bayes, VB, mean-field variational inference
관련	5	4
요약	Dynamic Hamiltonian Monte Carlo — widely known as the No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS) — is an adaptive extension of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo that automatically selects the number of leapfrog integration steps during each MCMC transition, removing the need to hand-tune the most sensitive tuning parameter of standard HMC. It is the default sampler in Stan and PyMC and is suitable for continuous, differentiable posterior distributions of moderate to high dimension.	Variational inference (VI) is a family of techniques that turn Bayesian posterior computation into an optimisation problem. Instead of drawing samples from the exact posterior — as Markov chain Monte Carlo does — VI posits a simpler, tractable family of distributions and finds the member of that family closest to the true posterior by maximising the evidence lower bound (ELBO). Introduced in its modern graphical-model form by Jordan, Ghahramani, Jaakkola and Saul (1999) and given a comprehensive statistical treatment by Blei, Kucukelbir and McAuliffe (2017), VI is now the standard scalable inference engine in probabilistic machine learning.