방법 비교

	Critical Institutional Ethnography	비판적 담론 분석
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1987 (IE foundational); critical applications prominent 1990s–2000s	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
창시자	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); critical variant developed through feminist and critical scholars	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
유형	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
원전	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
별칭	Critical IE, critical-IE, institutional ethnography with critical orientation, CIE	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
관련	6	6
요약	Critical institutional ethnography (CIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with an explicit critical theory lens to investigate how ruling relations, texts, and institutional discourses reproduce inequality and power asymmetries. Starting from the lived experiences of people positioned within or subordinated by institutions, CIE traces how abstract institutional processes coordinate everyday life and subjects those processes to normative critique aimed at social transformation.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.