방법 비교

	비판적 문서 분석	비판적 담론 분석
분야	질적 방법	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 20th – early 21st century (2000s–present as an explicit variant)	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
창시자	Glenn Bowen; Lindsay Prior (foundational document analysis); critical theory tradition (Freire, Habermas)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
유형	Qualitative research design and analytic method	Qualitative research method
원전	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
별칭	CDA-doc, critical documentary analysis, critical policy document analysis, critical textual document analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
관련	5	6
요약	Critical document analysis is a qualitative method that systematically examines written, visual, or digital documents — such as policy texts, institutional reports, curriculum materials, and official records — through a critical theoretical lens. Rather than treating documents as neutral containers of information, it interrogates how documents produce, reflect, and reproduce power relations, ideologies, and social inequalities. The approach draws on critical theory traditions, including the work of Paulo Freire and Jurgen Habermas, as well as established frameworks for document analysis developed by Bowen and Prior.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.