방법 비교

	동시 실용주의 혼합 방법	동시 변혁적 혼합 방법
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	2000s (formalized ~2007–2009)
창시자	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark; philosophical grounding by R. Burke Johnson & Anthony Onwuegbuzie	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	concurrent pragmatic design, pragmatic concurrent mixed methods, simultaneous pragmatic mixed methods	concurrent transformative design, simultaneous transformative mixed methods, parallel transformative design, transformative concurrent design
관련	6	5
요약	Concurrent pragmatic mixed methods is a research design that collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously within a pragmatic philosophical framework. Rather than privileging either positivism or constructivism, the pragmatic stance selects methods based on what best answers the research question. Both data strands are gathered in parallel, then merged at the interpretation stage to provide a fuller picture than either strand alone could yield.	Concurrent transformative mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, guided by a transformative theoretical lens — such as feminist, critical race, disability, or indigenous frameworks — that foregrounds equity, power, and social change. The design gives either strand equal or unequal priority, but both strands are explicitly shaped by the transformative worldview. Findings are merged or compared to generate actionable insights that advocate for marginalized communities.