방법 비교

	인지적 검토(Cognitive Walkthrough)	휴리스틱 평가	사고 구술법 (Think-Aloud Protocol)
분야	인간-컴퓨터 상호작용	인간-컴퓨터 상호작용	인간-컴퓨터 상호작용
계열	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
기원 연도	1990	1990	1980
창시자	Clayton Lewis, Peter Polson, Cathleen Wharton, John Rieman	Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich	K. Anders Ericsson and Herbert A. Simon, adapted to HCI by Clayton Lewis
유형	Evaluative walkthrough examining how users learn to use an interface	Expert-based inspection using established design principles	Protocol for capturing user cognition and decision-making during task execution
원전	Lewis, C., Polson, P. G., Wharton, C., & Rieman, J. (1990). Testing a walkthrough methodology for specifying and evaluating user interface designs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 387–392).	Nielsen, J. (1994). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 249–256).	Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1980). Verbal reports as data. Psychological Review, 87(3), 215–251.
별칭	Cognitive Walkthrough, CW Analysis	HE, Expert Evaluation, Nielsen's Heuristics	Talk-Aloud Protocol, Concurrent Thinking Aloud, TA
관련	4	4	4
요약	Cognitive Walkthrough is an inspection method for evaluating interface designs by simulating and analyzing how users will learn to use a system through exploration and trial. Developed by Clayton Lewis, Peter Polson, Cathleen Wharton, and John Rieman in 1990, this method is grounded in cognitive psychology and focuses specifically on learnability—whether first-time or occasional users can discover how to perform tasks without formal training. Evaluators role-play user actions, answer a set of critical questions about feedback and discovery at each step, and document usability problems.	Heuristic Evaluation is a usability inspection method in which small teams of expert evaluators examine an interface and judge its compliance with established usability principles (heuristics). Developed by Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich in 1990, this method is rapid and low-cost, identifying 60–90% of usability problems with as few as 3–5 evaluators. Nielsen's Ten Usability Heuristics—visibility of system status, match between system and real world, user control and freedom, consistency and standards, error prevention and recovery, recognition over recall, flexibility and efficiency, aesthetic and minimalist design, error recovery, and documentation—form the basis of most evaluations.	The Think-Aloud Protocol is a usability testing method in which participants verbalize their thoughts while completing tasks on a system. As users navigate an interface, they continuously narrate their observations, interpretations, and reasoning, allowing researchers to understand their mental models, decision-making, and frustration points. Originating from cognitive psychology research by Ericsson and Simon (1980), this method was adapted for HCI by Clayton Lewis and has become one of the most widely used techniques for identifying usability problems and understanding user behavior.