방법 비교

	군집 무작위 실험실 실험	실험실 실험
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1990s (formalized; cluster randomization principles developed in 1970s-1980s)	17th century (natural science); ~1879 onward (behavioral/social science)
창시자	David M. Murray (group-randomized trial methodology); built on classical cluster sampling in experimental design	Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle (early scientific method); formalized in social science by Wilhelm Wundt (1879 psychology lab) and Ronald A. Fisher (20th-century design principles)
유형	Controlled laboratory experiment with cluster-level randomization	Experimental quantitative design
원전	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120363	Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560
별칭	cluster-randomized lab experiment, group-randomized laboratory study, cluster RCT laboratory variant, clustered lab trial	lab experiment, controlled experiment, true experiment, lab study
관련	6	5
요약	A cluster randomized laboratory experiment assigns intact groups — such as lab sections, cohorts, or naturally formed teams — rather than individual participants, to experimental conditions. All participants within a cluster receive the same treatment. The design is used when individual randomization would cause contamination between conditions, while retaining the controlled environment of a laboratory setting.	A laboratory experiment is a research design in which the investigator systematically manipulates one or more independent variables under tightly controlled conditions, randomly assigns participants to conditions, and measures the effect on dependent variables. By maximizing internal control, the laboratory experiment is the gold standard for establishing cause-and-effect relationships. It is the backbone of experimental psychology, cognitive science, pharmacology, and many social sciences.