방법 비교

	군집 무작위 적응형 실험	적응형 무작위 배정 임상시험
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)
창시자	Synthesised from cluster randomization methodology (Donner, 1978; Donner & Klar, 2000) and adaptive design frameworks (Bauer & Kohne, 1994; Pallmann et al., 2018)	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature
유형	Experimental design	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT
원전	Hayes, R. J., & Moulton, L. H. (2017). Cluster Randomised Trials (2nd ed.). CRC Press / Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 978-1498728225	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690
별칭	adaptive cluster RCT, adaptive group-randomized trial, cluster adaptive design, adaptive cluster trial	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial
관련	5	6
요약	A cluster randomized adaptive experiment combines two methodological principles: (1) intact groups such as schools, clinics, or villages are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individuals, and (2) pre-specified rules allow the design to be modified during the trial based on accumulating cluster-level data. Adaptations may include dropping underperforming arms, reallocating clusters, or adjusting sample size, while maintaining statistical validity and controlling Type I error.	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.