방법 비교

	탄소 발자국 분석	환경영향평가
분야	환경공학	환경공학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1993	1970
창시자	IPCC and life cycle assessment community	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
유형	data collection and modeling pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
원전	International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 14044:2006 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and Guidelines.	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
별칭	GHG accounting, life cycle carbon assessment, carbon inventory, emissions quantification	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
관련	3	4
요약	Carbon footprint analysis quantifies the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—expressed in CO2-equivalent (CO2e)—attributable to an activity, product, organization, or process. Developed from life cycle assessment (LCA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies, carbon accounting encompasses direct emissions (operations, combustion) and indirect emissions (supply chain, energy consumption, waste). Carbon footprints inform climate mitigation strategies, corporate sustainability reporting, product labeling, and carbon pricing mechanisms.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.