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이요인 모형 (일반 요인 및 특정 요인)×맥도날드 오메가(ω) 신뢰도 계수×
분야심리측정학심리측정학
계열Latent structureLatent structure
기원 연도19371999
창시자Holzinger & Swineford (1937); modern revival by Reise (2012)Roderick P. McDonald
유형Confirmatory latent variable modelReliability coefficient / latent variable model
원전Reise, S. P. (2012). The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696. DOI ↗McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test Theory: A Unified Treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805830750
별칭Bifaktör Modeli — Genel ve Spesifik Faktörler, hierarchical factor model, general-specific factor model, Schmid-Leiman modelomega reliability, ω coefficient, omega total, omega hierarchical
관련66
요약The bifactor measurement model specifies that every indicator loads simultaneously on a single general factor and on one of several specific (group) factors. Formally introduced by Holzinger and Swineford in 1937 and brought into mainstream psychometrics by Reise (2012), it is now the standard tool for evaluating whether a multidimensional scale can legitimately yield a single composite score.McDonald's omega is a factor-analysis-based reliability coefficient introduced by Roderick P. McDonald (1999) that quantifies the internal consistency of a composite score without requiring the restrictive assumption that all items contribute equally to the latent factor. It yields two complementary indices: ω_total, which captures overall reliability of the sum score, and ω_hierarchical (ωh), which reports how much of the composite's variance is explained specifically by a single general factor.
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