방법 비교

	결측값이 있는 베이즈 계층 모델	결측치가 있는 MCMC
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	1990s–2000s	1987
창시자	Gelman, Rubin, Little (and collaborators)	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation); extended by Gelfand & Smith, Rubin
유형	Bayesian hierarchical model with missing-data integration	Bayesian computational method
원전	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Little, R. J. A. & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471183860
별칭	BHM missing data, multilevel Bayesian missing data model, hierarchical Bayesian imputation, Bayesian multilevel model with incomplete data	MCMC missing data, data augmentation MCMC, Bayesian multiple imputation, MCMC imputation
관련	5	6
요약	A Bayesian hierarchical model with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns and samples them jointly with all model parameters from the posterior. The nested structure of the hierarchy borrows strength across groups, while the Bayesian framework naturally propagates uncertainty from missingness through every estimate and prediction.	MCMC with missing data is a Bayesian computational strategy that treats unobserved values as additional unknown parameters. By alternating between sampling the missing values from their predictive distribution and sampling the model parameters from their posterior, the algorithm produces a valid joint posterior that fully accounts for uncertainty introduced by the missingness.