방법 비교

	결측값이 있는 베이즈 계층 모델	결측치가 있는 깁스 샘플링
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	1990s–2000s	1987–1990
창시자	Gelman, Rubin, Little (and collaborators)	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation), Gelfand & Smith (Gibbs sampler)
유형	Bayesian hierarchical model with missing-data integration	Bayesian computational method
원전	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Tanner, M. A. & Wong, W. H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(398), 528–540.
별칭	BHM missing data, multilevel Bayesian missing data model, hierarchical Bayesian imputation, Bayesian multilevel model with incomplete data	data augmentation Gibbs sampler, Gibbs sampler with data augmentation, Bayesian imputation via Gibbs sampling, MCMC missing data imputation
관련	5	6
요약	A Bayesian hierarchical model with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns and samples them jointly with all model parameters from the posterior. The nested structure of the hierarchy borrows strength across groups, while the Bayesian framework naturally propagates uncertainty from missingness through every estimate and prediction.	Gibbs sampling with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns alongside model parameters and samples all of them jointly within a Markov chain Monte Carlo loop. The method alternates between drawing the missing values from their conditional distribution given the parameters and drawing the parameters from their conditional distribution given the completed data, producing a posterior over both simultaneously.